Global Music Theory

Category: Music and Health

Articles and ideas that touch on the topics of music and health.

  • Music and Healing: A Global Investigation

    Music and Healing: A Global Investigation

    The first time I really heard about music truly healing people wasn’t until college. Before that, I had played music and felt it’s power, but never was it articulated as “healing” or even something that was “healthy.” While I was studying at the University of New Mexico, there was a presentation given by the anthropology department. Someone from UNM was affiliated with a documentary of a group of tribal people from South America. I’ve tried to remember and look up which tribe this was, but I haven’t found it yet…I know I wrote it down somewhere. What I do remember was the incredible presentation of the footage the group took and hearing a couple members from the tribe speak about how they view music. There was a lot in the presentation but here are a few key pieces:

    • The shaman and tribe at large would sing to heal people,
    • The shaman would select particular “songs” to sing to heal various ailments,
    • The people described the health of a person as having good air or bad air.

    The shaman claimed to see “through” people, kind of between the molecules and it was this “empty” space that could be healthy or unhealthy. I was intrigued by this, not because I believed the man could actually see between my molecules but because it was the first time I’d thought about vibrations affecting more than just our thoughts or emotions.

    Resonance (vibrations) have taken down buildings and bridges because the materials begin to resonate too violently. Here’s a video giving a demonstration of how some buildings collapse and some don’t during an earthquake.

    I think it is a relatively straight forward matter to accept that if manifestations of vibrations (resonance, frequencies, etc.) can affect physical materials like steel and cement, then vibrations can affect a human body. Now, to what extent and degree of precision can we control vibrations to result in health benefits, I’m not sure, but I believe vibrations have an effect and I also believe ancient people were very much in tune with this phenomenon. Furthermore, what is music but manipulations of vibrations.

    To see the healing power of music on display, all one has to do is choose a meaningful pop song, go to that song on YouTube and read the comments. Typically, the comment section is full of people expressing how that one song has saved their life in one way or another.

    Music is healing. Not a controversial statement, but one that may need to be taken more seriously whether on a personal or societal level. I believe this because there are many ailments arising that music may be specially placed to help with – loneliness, depression, overworked, overstressed, and more.

    Historical Perspectives on Music and Healing

    As a way to get into this topic, I thought moving by geography may be as good as any.

    1. Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia:
      • In ancient Egyptian civilization, music was an integral part of religious rituals, healing ceremonies, and daily life. Temples had dedicated musicians who played harps, flutes, and percussion instruments during worship and healing practices.
      • Mesopotamian cultures also believed in the therapeutic power of music. Clay tablets from Sumerian and Babylonian civilizations mention specific musical modes for treating ailments.
    2. Greek and Roman Traditions:
      • The Greeks associated music with the Muses, who were believed to inspire creativity, healing, and wisdom. Pythagoras explored the mathematical relationships between musical intervals and their effects on the human psyche.
      • Asclepius, the Greek god of healing, was often depicted with a lyre. Healing sanctuaries called “Asclepions” used music, chanting, and dream therapy to aid patients.
    3. Medieval Europe:
      • During the Middle Ages, monasteries preserved ancient knowledge, including musical practices. Gregorian chants, characterized by their soothing melodies and repetitive patterns, were used for healing purposes.
    4. Indigenous Cultures: (more on this topic here: Native American Music: Reaching The Spiritual Plane – Stardust Pilgrim | Mindfulness, Meditation, Wisdom)
      • Native American tribes, such as the Navajo and Hopi, used music and dance in healing rituals. Drumming, chanting, and flute playing were believed to restore harmony and balance.
      • Australian Aboriginal cultures incorporated didgeridoos and clapsticks in their ceremonies, connecting music to spiritual healing.
    5. Asian Traditions:
      • Traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes the flow of vital energy (Qi). Music, especially the pentatonic scale, was used to balance Qi and promote health.
    6. Renaissance and Baroque Periods:
      • Renaissance courts employed court musicians to play soothing music for royalty and nobility. Composers like Hildegard von Bingen composed hymns with healing intentions.
      • Baroque music, with its intricate harmonies, was thought to have therapeutic effects. Physicians recommended listening to works by composers like Bach and Handel.
    7. 19th Century and Beyond:
      • The Romantic era saw a surge in interest in music’s emotional impact. Composers like Beethoven and Chopin composed pieces that resonated with listeners’ emotions.
      • The field of music therapy emerged in the 20th century. Pioneers like E. Thayer Gaston and Clive Robbins developed structured approaches to using music for healing.

    Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia: Music as Medicine

    Ancient Egypt pharos and musical healing.

    1. Egyptian Temples and Healing Rituals In ancient Egypt, music was deeply intertwined with religious practices, healing ceremonies, and daily life. Temples dedicated to various gods and goddesses had resident musicians who played a crucial role in maintaining cosmic harmony. Here are some key aspects:

    • Musical Instruments: Egyptian musicians used a variety of instruments, including harps, flutes, lyres, and percussion instruments. These instruments were believed to have specific healing properties.
    • Chants and Incantations: Priests and priestesses chanted hymns and incantations during rituals. These melodic phrases were thought to invoke divine energies and promote physical and spiritual healing.
    • Harmony and Balance: The concept of Ma’at (cosmic balance) was central to Egyptian beliefs. Music was seen as a way to restore harmony within the individual and the community.

    2. Mesopotamian Healing Practices Mesopotamian cultures (including Sumerians and Babylonians) also recognized music’s healing potential. Here’s what we know:

    • Medical Texts: Clay tablets from ancient Mesopotamia contain medical texts that mention specific musical modes for treating various ailments. These texts describe melodies associated with specific deities or healing rituals.
    • Incantations and Exorcisms: Musicians and priests performed incantations and exorcisms to drive away evil spirits causing illness. These rituals often involved rhythmic drumming and vocalizations.
    • The Role of the Harp: The harp held special significance in Mesopotamian healing practices. It was believed that the vibrations produced by harp strings could influence the body’s energy flow and restore health.

    3. The Divine Connection Both Egyptian and Mesopotamian cultures believed that music had a direct connection to the divine. Whether invoking deities, harmonizing cosmic forces, or soothing troubled souls, music was a bridge between the earthly and the spiritual realms.

    Sources and Citations:

    1. Harp:
      • Egyptian Belief: The harp held immense spiritual significance in ancient Egypt. It was associated with the goddess Hathor, who was not only the goddess of music but also of love, joy, and healing. Hathor was often depicted playing the harp, and her music was believed to soothe the hearts of both gods and humans.
      • Healing Role: Harp music was used during religious ceremonies, especially in temples dedicated to healing deities. The vibrations produced by the harp strings were thought to resonate with cosmic energies, promoting physical and emotional well-being.
    2. Flute:
      • Egyptian Belief: The flute (often made from reeds) was considered a divine instrument. It was associated with the god Osiris, ruler of the afterlife. Flute music was believed to guide souls on their journey to the next world.
      • Healing Role: Flutes were played during rituals to invoke Osiris and other benevolent spirits. The gentle melodies were thought to ease pain, calm anxiety, and facilitate healing.
    3. Lyre:
      • Mesopotamian Belief: The lyre (a stringed instrument resembling a small harp) was revered in Mesopotamian culture. It symbolized the connection between earthly and celestial realms.
      • Healing Role: Musicians played the lyre during healing rituals. The vibrations of the lyre strings were believed to harmonize the body’s energy flow, restoring health. The epic of Gilgamesh mentions the healing power of music played on a lyre.
      • “Play, O lyre, play!” Gilgamesh implores. The lyre, its strings taut as fate, responds. Its notes weave through the palace chambers, caressing the wounded king’s heart. Enkidu, once wild as the gazelles, now lies frail, his life slipping like sand through an hourglass. The lyre’s lament—its harmonies of loss and longing—echoes their shared grief.
    4. Percussion Instruments (Drums):
      • Egyptian and Mesopotamian Belief: Drums were essential in both cultures. Their rhythmic beats represented the heartbeat of the cosmos. They were used in religious ceremonies, including healing rituals.
      • Healing Role: Drumming induced trance states, allowing individuals to connect with higher realms. It was believed that the vibrations of drumbeats could dislodge negative energies and restore balance.
    5. Chants and Vocalizations:
      • Belief in Both Cultures: The human voice was considered a powerful instrument. Chants, hymns, and incantations were used to invoke deities, heal the sick, and protect against malevolent forces.
      • Healing Role: Priests, priestesses, and shamans chanted specific phrases during rituals. The rhythmic patterns and sacred words were believed to channel divine energy for healing purposes.

    These instruments were not merely tools for entertainment; they were conduits for healing. Whether healing the physical or the mental, music was believed to heal. Even if just the placebo effect was all musical healing could achieve, that would still heal many ailments! Whether through the soothing melodies of the harp, the haunting notes of the flute, or the rhythmic beats of drums, music played a vital role in ancient healing practices.

    Greek and Roman Traditions: Music as Medicine

    Greek and Roman style buildings

    1. The Healing Power of Music in Ancient Greece

    • Apollo and the Lyre:
      • The Greek god Apollo was not only associated with music but also revered as the “undisputed master of music in the Greek world.” He played the lyre, a harp-like stringed instrument, and was regarded as the god of healing.
      • Apollo’s dual role as a musician and healer laid the foundation for the connection between music and well-being.
    • The Theory of the Four Humors:
      • Ancient Greek medicine operated on the theory of the four humors (fluids): blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. Health depended on maintaining a balance among these humors.
      • Music was believed to restore this balance. Certain melodies and rhythms were prescribed to address specific imbalances.
    • Plato and Music as Education:
      • Philosopher Plato recognized music’s educational and therapeutic potential. He taught that specific types of music could shape character and morality.
      • Plato’s writings emphasized using music to teach children the difference between good and bad, as well as conveying abstract concepts.

    “Music gives a soul to the universe, wings to the mind, flight to the imagination, and charm and gaiety to life and to everything.”

    Plato
    • Aristotle’s Views on Music:
      • Aristotle, another influential Greek philosopher, discussed music’s role in relaxation and leisure. He believed that music allowed contemplation and helped individuals find purpose.
      • Music was considered purifying to the soul. Certain rhythms and songs were believed to heal mental disturbances.

    “The aim of art is to represent not the outward appearance of things, but their inward significance.” — Aristotle

    Aristotle’s Academy, nestled among olive groves, was more than a school—it was a sanctuary for seekers. Here, music wasn’t mere entertainment; it was a compass for the soul:

    Music, he argued, transcended mere aesthetics. It guided citizens toward virtue or vice. The right melodies, like celestial constellations, steered minds toward noble thoughts. Through music, individuals found purpose—their moral compass set by harmonies.

    2. Asclepions: Ancient Healing Centers

    • What Were Asclepions?:
      • Asclepions were healing sanctuaries dedicated to the god Asclepius (Asklepios), the first doctor-demigod in Greek mythology.
      • These centers combined medical treatments, religious rituals, and spiritual practices to promote holistic well-being.
    • Pergamon’s Asclepion:
      • The Asclepion at Pergamon (located in present-day Turkey) was founded around the 4th century BCE.
      • It was built around a sacred spring that still flows today. The site became one of the best-known healing centers in the ancient world.
    • World’s First Psychiatric Hospital:
      • Pergamon’s Asclepion was not only a physical healing center but also the world’s first psychiatric hospital.
      • Patients sought cures for physical and mental ailments by visiting the sacred springs and participating in various therapies.
    • Dreams and Diagnosis:
      • Patients entered the healing temple via the Sacred Way. An underground passage led to cubicles where patients spent the night.
      • In the morning, patients recounted their dreams to priests/doctors. Dreams were considered messages from the god Asclepius and aided in diagnosis.
    • Therapies at Asclepions:
      • Treatments included psychotherapy, massage, herbal remedies, mud baths, surgeries, and drinking water from the sacred springs.
      • The choice of treatment was often guided by the patient’s dreams.
    • Holistic Healing:
      • Asclepions believed that healing was a sacred art. They aimed to mend not only the body but also the soul.
      • Patients stayed for weeks, entertained in the theater, and immersed themselves in the therapeutic environment.
    • Legacy and Modern Interest:
      • Thousands of people still visit Asklepion each year, hoping for healing and restoration.

    Sources and Citations:

    Apollo, the Greek god of music, prophecy, and healing, was known for his exceptional musical abilities. Here are a couple of stories where Apollo’s music played a crucial role in healing:

    1. The Healing of King Admetus:
      • King Admetus of Pherae was fated to die unless someone else willingly took his place in death. Apollo, who had served as Admetus’s bondsman, intervened.
      • Apollo persuaded the Fates to allow Admetus to live if he found someone willing to die in his stead. However, no one volunteered.
      • Apollo then played his lyre and sang a mournful song, touching the heart of Alcestis, Admetus’s wife. She selflessly agreed to die in his place.
      • Apollo’s music moved Alcestis’s soul, demonstrating its power to heal emotional wounds and inspire self-sacrifice.
    2. The Healing of Marsyas:
      • Marsyas, a satyr, challenged Apollo to a musical contest. Marsyas played the flute, while Apollo played the lyre.
      • The Muses judged the contest, and despite Marsyas’s skill, Apollo emerged victorious. In his anger, Apollo flayed Marsyas alive.
      • While this story ends tragically for Marsyas, it highlights Apollo’s mastery of music. His lyre-playing symbolized order and harmony, contrasting with Marsyas’s wild flute music.
      • The tale also serves as a cautionary reminder that music can heal or harm, depending on its intent and context.

    Apollo’s music was not only entertaining but also had a profound therapeutic impact. Whether soothing souls, inspiring courage, or invoking divine energies, Apollo’s melodies held immense power.

    Sources and Citations:

    The ancient Greeks believed that music played a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the four humors (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile) within the human body. Let’s explore how they thought music contributed to this delicate equilibrium:

    1. The Four Humors Theory:
      • According to Greek humoral theory, the human body was composed of four primary fluids or humors. Each humor corresponded to an element (earth, water, fire, and air) and had specific qualities:
        • Blood (Sanguine): Associated with air, warm and moist.
        • Phlegm (Phlegmatic): Associated with water, cold and moist.
        • Yellow Bile (Choleric): Associated with fire, warm and dry.
        • Black Bile (Melancholic): Associated with earth, cold and dry.
      • Health depended on maintaining a harmonious balance among these humors.
    2. Music and the Humors:
      • Greek physicians, including Hippocrates, believed that an excess or deficiency of any humor could lead to illness. Music was seen as a way to restore this balance.
      • Different musical modes (scales) were associated with specific humors. For example:
        • Dorian Mode: Linked to courage and strength, associated with blood.
        • Phrygian Mode: Linked to relaxation and calmness, associated with phlegm.
        • Lydian Mode: Linked to passion and intensity, associated with yellow bile.
        • Mixolydian Mode: Linked to introspection and melancholy, associated with black bile.
    3. Harmonious Melodies:
      • Greek musicians composed melodies that aimed to harmonize the humors. These melodies were believed to resonate with the body’s inner rhythms.
      • The right combination of musical intervals (such as fourths, fifths, and octaves) was thought to influence the balance of the humors.
      • Apollo, the god of music and healing, was often depicted playing the lyre, emphasizing the connection between music and well-being.
    4. Therapeutic Applications:
      • In Asclepions (healing sanctuaries), music was used alongside other therapies. Patients listened to specific modes or songs to address their specific ailments.
      • For example, a patient with excessive melancholy (black bile) might be prescribed uplifting melodies in the Lydian mode to restore balance.
    5. Psychological Effects:
      • Greek philosophers recognized that music could impact emotions and behavior. Plato believed that certain musical modes could shape character.
      • Aristotle suggested that moderate imbalances in the mixture of humors produced specific behavioral patterns. Music could influence these patterns positively.
    6. Legacy and Modern Insights:
      • While the humoral theory eventually fell out of favor, the idea that music affects our well-being persists.
      • Modern research supports the notion that music can influence mood, stress levels, and even physiological processes.

    In summary, the Greeks believed that music acted as a therapeutic agent, harmonizing the humors and promoting health. Whether through specific modes, rhythms, or melodic intervals, music was considered a powerful tool for restoring balance within the body and mind.

    Sources and Citations:

    Plato, the renowned ancient Greek philosopher, had profound insights into the role of music in shaping character, morality, and education. Let’s explore his views on music and its therapeutic implications:

    Plato and Music: Cultivating Virtue and Harmony

    1. The Role of Music in Education:
      • Plato believed that music was not merely entertainment but a powerful tool for shaping the soul and character.
      • In his work “The Republic,” Plato discusses the ideal city-state (Kallipolis) and the education necessary to produce virtuous citizens.
      • Music, along with gymnastics (physical education), formed the core of this education.
    2. The Ethical Power of Music:
      • Plato recognized that music had a direct impact on emotions, behavior, and moral development.
      • He argued that certain musical modes (scales) could either elevate or degrade the soul.
      • The choice of music was crucial because it influenced the formation of virtues.
    3. The Character of Musical Modes:
      • Plato analyzed the various Greek musical modes (Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, etc.) based on their specific harmonies and rhythms.
      • He associated each mode with certain qualities:
        • Dorian Mode: Fosters courage, self-discipline, and moderation.
        • Phrygian Mode: Calming and contemplative.
        • Lydian Mode: Passionate and intense.
        • Mixolydian Mode: Reflective and melancholic.
    4. Music and the Soul’s Harmony:
      • Plato believed that the soul had its own harmony, which could be disrupted by improper music.
      • Harmonious music aligned the soul with cosmic order and virtue.
      • Dissonant or chaotic music led to inner discord and moral confusion.
    5. The Influence of Musical Training:
      • Plato advocated for rigorous musical training from an early age.
      • He believed that children should listen to harmonious melodies and avoid dissonant ones.
      • Proper musical education would cultivate virtues like courage, temperance, and justice.
    6. The Guardians’ Musical Education:
      • In Kallipolis, the guardians (rulers and defenders) received a specialized musical education.
      • They learned to appreciate harmonious melodies and rejected those that stirred unruly passions.
      • Their souls were attuned to the cosmic harmony, making them fit to govern.
    7. Music and the Ideal State:
      • Plato’s vision of the ideal state involved a harmonious society where music played a central role.
      • Music was a means to achieve balance, order, and moral excellence.

    In summary, Plato believed that music was not only an aesthetic pleasure but a force that shaped character, morality, and the well-ordered soul. His insights continue to resonate in discussions about the impact of music on human development.

    Sources and Citations:

    Aristotle, the ancient Greek philosopher and student of Plato, had significant insights into the therapeutic effects of music and its impact on mental well-being. Let’s explore his views in more detail:

    Aristotle’s Views on Music and Healing

    1. Music as a Therapeutic Agent:
      • Aristotle recognized the power of music to influence human emotions and moods. He believed that music had a direct impact on mental and physical health.
      • In his work “Politics,” Aristotle discussed how music could be used for relaxation, leisure, and healing.
    2. Emotional Effects of Musical Modes:
      • Aristotle categorized different types of musical modes (or scales) based on their emotional effects. Each mode was associated with specific qualities and had a distinct impact on the listener.
      • For example:
        • Dorian Mode: Associated with courage, nobility, and strength. It inspired feelings of valor and determination.
        • Phrygian Mode: Calming and contemplative. It allowed for introspection and relaxation.
        • Lydian Mode: Passionate and intense. It could evoke strong emotions.
        • Mixolydian Mode: Reflective and sometimes melancholic. It encouraged self-reflection.
    3. Music for Relaxation and Contemplation:
      • Aristotle believed that music served as a means of relaxation and leisure. It allowed individuals to contemplate life, find purpose, and connect with their inner thoughts.
      • Listening to harmonious melodies could calm the mind and provide a sense of peace.
    4. Purification of the Soul:
      • Aristotle considered music to be purifying to the soul. Certain rhythms and specific songs were believed to have healing properties.
      • Music could alleviate mental disturbances, including mania and other emotional imbalances.
    5. Catharsis through Music:
      • Aristotle’s concept of “catharsis” extended to music. Catharsis referred to the emotional release or purification achieved through art and drama.
      • Music, when experienced in the right way, could cleanse the soul, allowing individuals to process emotions and find clarity.
    6. Legacy and Modern Insights:
      • Aristotle’s ideas laid the groundwork for understanding music’s impact on mental health. His recognition of music’s power resonates with modern music therapy practices.
      • Contemporary music therapists continue to use music to calm patients, reduce anxiety, and promote emotional well-being.

    Sources and Citations:

    The Asclepions were ancient Greek healing centers dedicated to Asclepius, the god of medicine and healing. These sanctuaries combined medical treatments, religious rituals, and spiritual practices to promote holistic well-being. Music played a significant role within the Asclepions:

    1. Sacred Music and Healing:
      • Asclepius was believed to have been born on Mt. Titthion near Epidaurus, where the most famous Asclepion was located.
      • Music was an integral part of the healing process. It was used to soothe patients, invoke divine intervention, and facilitate physical and mental recovery.
    2. The Healing Temple Experience:
      • Patients approached the Asclepion via the Sacred Way, a path that symbolized their journey toward health.
      • An underground passage led to cubicles where patients spent the night. In the morning, they recounted their dreams to priests or doctors.
      • Dreams were considered messages from Asclepius and aided in diagnosing diseases.
    3. Musical Therapies:
      • The Asclepion offered various treatments, including psychotherapy, massage, herbal remedies, mud baths, surgeries, and bathing.
      • The choice of treatment was often guided by the patient’s dreams. Specific melodies or modes were prescribed based on dream content.
      • Music was believed to harmonize the body, mind, and spirit, promoting overall well-being.
    4. Entertainment and Holistic Healing:
      • Asclepions had theaters to entertain patients during their stay.
      • Healing was seen as a sacred art, addressing not only physical ailments but also the soul.
      • Thousands of people visited Asclepions, seeking cures for both physical and mental conditions.
    5. Legacy and Modern Interest:
      • The Asclepions left a lasting legacy. They were centers of medical innovation, spiritual connection, and community healing.
      • Even today, people travel to these ancient sites, hoping for healing and restoration.

    Sources and Citations:

    Medieval Europe: Gregorian Chants and Healing

    1. Monastic Preservation of Knowledge:
      • During the Middle Ages, monasteries were centers of learning and cultural preservation.
      • Monks meticulously copied ancient texts, including musical manuscripts, safeguarding knowledge from earlier civilizations.
    2. The Gregorian Chants:
      • Origin: Gregorian chants, also known as plainchants or plainsongs, emerged in the 9th century within Christian monastic communities.
      • Characteristics:
        • Simplicity: Gregorian chants were characterized by their simplicity, devoid of elaborate harmonies or instrumental accompaniment.
        • Melodic Patterns: They followed specific melodic patterns, often using a single vocal line (monophonic texture).
        • Latin Texts: The chants were sung in Latin and were integral to Christian liturgy.
        • Repetition: Repetition of phrases and melodic motifs was common.
    3. Healing Aspects of Gregorian Chants:
      • Soothing Melodies: Gregorian chants were intentionally calming. Their slow, flowing melodies had a tranquilizing effect on listeners.
      • Stress Reduction: Monks and patients alike found solace in these chants. Listening to them reduced stress and anxiety.
      • Spiritual Healing: The chants were believed to connect the listener to the divine. They facilitated prayer, meditation, and spiritual healing.
      • Harmonizing the Soul: Just as the chants harmonized musical intervals, they were thought to harmonize the soul, promoting physical and emotional well-being.
    4. Chant in Monastic Life:
      • Monks chanted the Divine Office (liturgical prayers) multiple times a day. The rhythm of monastic life revolved around these chants.
      • The chants were used during Mass, the Liturgy of the Hours, and other religious ceremonies.
    5. Notable Chants:
      • Kyrie Eleison: A plea for mercy, often sung during the Mass.
      • Dies Irae: A haunting chant associated with the medieval Requiem Mass for the dead.
      • Salve Regina: A hymn to the Virgin Mary, sung during evening prayers.
    6. Legacy and Modern Interest:
      • Gregorian chants continue to be performed today, both within religious contexts and as a form of meditative music.
      • Their healing properties are still acknowledged, and some studies suggest that listening to these ancient chants can reduce stress and promote relaxation.

    Sources and Citations:

    • Gregorian Chant – New World Encyclopedia
    • The Influence of Gregorian Chant on Music Therapy

    Native American Music and Healing

    1. Diverse Musical Traditions:
      • Native American tribes across North America have rich and diverse musical traditions.
      • Music is deeply intertwined with their spiritual beliefs, social customs, and healing practices.
    2. Drumming, Chanting, and Flute Playing:
      • Drumming: The drum is central to Native American music. Its rhythmic beats symbolize the heartbeat of Mother Earth. Drum circles are used in healing ceremonies, dances, and rituals.
      • Chanting: Native American chants are powerful expressions. They serve as conduits for storytelling, invoking spirits, and promoting healing.
      • Flute Playing: The Native American flute, often made from wood, is used for solo performances. Its haunting melodies connect the player to nature and the spirit world.
    3. Healing Rituals:
      • Medicine Men and Women: Native American medicine people receive songs in dreams or visions. These healing songs are used to treat the sick.
      • Ceremonial Music: Music accompanies various ceremonies, including sweat lodges, vision quests, and purification rituals.
      • Connection to Nature: Native American music connects individuals to the land, animals, and ancestors. It restores balance and harmony.
    4. Modern Interest:

    Australian Aboriginal Music and Spiritual Healing

    1. Didgeridoo and Clapsticks:
      • Didgeridoo: The didgeridoo, an ancient wind instrument, is unique to Australian Aboriginal culture. It produces deep, resonant tones.
      • Clapsticks: These percussion instruments are used in ceremonies, dances, and rituals.
    2. Spiritual Connection:
    3. Vibrational Healing:
      • The didgeridoo’s vibrations are believed to cleanse and heal. Its sound resonates with the land and ancestral spirits.
      • Aboriginal music promotes balance, both within the individual and the community.
    4. Modern Recordings:

    In summary, both Native American and Australian Aboriginal music serve as bridges between the earthly and spiritual realms. They restore harmony, promote healing, and honor ancient traditions.

    Sources and Citations:

    Music as a Healer in the Modern West

    The healing power of music has been a subject of scientific research, and several studies have explored its impact on health and well-being. Here are some notable findings:

    1. Music and Memory:
      • Researchers have found that performing music reactivates areas of the brain associated with memory, reasoning, speech, emotion, and reward. Music doesn’t just help us retrieve stored memories; it also helps us lay down new ones 1.
      • When I was around 13 years old, a man at the church I went to had to have a shunt placed in his head. I don’t recall all the details of his illness, but I remember him having extreme memory problems – could remember how to tie his shoe, how to form sentences, or who most people in his life were. But when a guitar was places in his hands, he was able to play and sing all the way through songs without missing a beat!
    2. Music Therapy for Various Populations:
      • Premature Infants: Music therapy has been used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to promote weight gain, reduce stress, and improve feeding patterns.
      • Depression: Music therapy has shown promise in improving mood and reducing symptoms of depression. My wife has suffered from depression, and we could always tell when things were really bad because she didn’t want to play or listen to music (she has played piano since she was 3 years old). When she would listen to uplifting music, her mood would improve. Alternatively, if she indulged in very sad sounding music, her mood continued down into depression. Music was obviously able to affect her in positive and negative ways. We made a conscious effort to play music every day and listen to positive music. This didn’t cure her, but it has certainly made a difference in her everyday life.
      • Parkinson’s Disease: Rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) using music can enhance movement and gait in Parkinson’s patients.
    3. Structural and Functional Brain Changes:
      • Neuroimaging studies have revealed that music engages multiple brain regions, including those associated with emotion, memory, and motor control.
      • Long-term musical training can lead to structural changes in the brain, such as increased gray matter volume in specific areas.
    4. Music and Stress Reduction:
      • Listening to calming music can reduce cortisol levels, the stress hormone.
      • Live music performances have been associated with decreased anxiety and improved well-being.
    5. Music Therapy as an Evidence-Based Intervention:
    6. Holistic Approach:
      • Music therapy considers the whole person—mind, body, and spirit.
      • It can be personalized based on individual preferences, cultural background, and specific health needs.

    In summary, music therapy is a powerful tool for healing, and ongoing research continues to explore its applications across various populations and health conditions.

    Sources and Citations:

    The Flow of Qi in Traditional Chinese Medicine

    In the heart of ancient China, where the whispers of silk-clad sages still echo through mist-shrouded mountains, a profound belief took root: the balance of vital energy, or Qi, is the key to health and harmony. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) weaves wisdom, where the pulse of life flows along meridians, and the dance of Yin and Yang orchestrates our well-being.

    The Dance of Yin and Yang

    In the bustling markets of Beijing or the serene courtyards of Hangzhou, TCM practitioners invoke the timeless principles of Yin and Yang. These cosmic forces, like the sun and moon, entwine in perpetual motion. Yin, the feminine, embodies darkness, receptivity, and formlessness. Yang, the masculine, radiates light, activity, and structure. Together, they compose the symphony of existence.

    Qi: The Breath of Life

    At the heart of TCM lies Qi, the life force that animates all creation. Imagine it as the gentle breeze that rustles bamboo leaves or the forces that shape mountains. Qi flows through meridians, invisible channels that crisscross our bodies. When Qi stagnates or wanes, dissonance ensues—illness, pain, and imbalance.

    The Healing Notes of Music

    In the ancient courtyards of the Forbidden City, emperors and scholars sought harmony through music. The pentatonic scale, with its five elemental notes, resonated with cosmic order. Each note corresponded to an organ, a season, and an emotion. The Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zhi, and Yu—like celestial messengers—imbued melodies with healing intent.

    • Gong (宫): The fundamental note, akin to Earth, resonated with the spleen and stomach. It grounded the spirit, fostering stability and nourishment.
    • Shang (商): The note of Wood, embodied by the liver. It surged like spring sap, promoting growth and renewal.
    • Jiao (角): Fire’s note, danced with the heart. Passion and joy flowed, igniting the flames of life.
    • Zhi (徵): Metal’s tone, echoed in the lungs. It purified, releasing grief and melancholy.
    • Yu (羽): Water’s melody, whispered through the kidneys. It flowed like a tranquil stream, calming fear and uncertainty.

    The Acupuncture of Sound

    In the dimly lit chambers of TCM clinics, patients recline as needles puncture meridians. But sound, too, is a needle—a vibrational acupuncture. The pentatonic melodies, played on bamboo flutes or silk strings, recalibrate Qi. The Gong grounds, the Shang invigorates, the Jiao uplifts, the Zhi purifies, and the Yu soothes.

    Modern Echoes

    As Beijing’s skyscrapers pierce the sky, TCM endures. Hospitals blend ancient herbs with modern science. And the pentatonic scale? It resonates in the heartbeats of millions, a timeless rhythm that heals beyond borders.

    Music: A Triune Influence

    1. Mind:

    • Emotional Resonance:
      • Music has an immediate effect on our emotions. A melancholic melody can evoke sadness, while an upbeat rhythm can lift our spirits.
      • Certain musical pieces become associated with memories, triggering nostalgia or joy.
    • Cognitive Enhancement:
      • Listening to music engages various cognitive processes. It can improve focus, memory, and creativity.
      • The “Mozart effect” suggests that listening to classical music may enhance spatial-temporal reasoning.
    • Stress Reduction and Relaxation:
      • Calming music reduces cortisol levels, promoting relaxation and stress relief.
      • Music therapy helps manage anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders.

    2. Body:

    • Physical Response:
      • Music affects heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate.
      • Upbeat rhythms can energize us, while slow tempos induce relaxation.
    • Pain Management:
      • Music therapy reduces pain perception. It distracts from discomfort and releases endorphins.
      • Surgical patients who listen to music require less pain medication.
    • Motor Coordination and Rehabilitation:
      • Rhythmic music enhances motor skills. Dance and movement therapies use music for rehabilitation.
      • Stroke patients benefit from rhythmic auditory stimulation.

    3. Spiritual/Moral:

    • Sacred Music:
      • Across cultures, music accompanies religious rituals. It connects us to the divine.
      • Hymns, chants, and devotional songs foster spiritual experiences.
    • Moral Reflection:
      • Music can evoke ethical contemplation. Lyrics convey messages of love, compassion, and justice.
      • Protest songs inspire social change and moral awakening.
    • Transcendence and Unity:
      • Music transcends individuality. In communal singing or chanting, we merge into a collective experience.
      • Choirs, congregations, and music festivals create a sense of unity.

    Conclusion:

    That was a lot to get through! Something I put together as I investigated these various beliefs and traditions is that basically everyone across the globe and from the most ancient times to today knew/believed music affects humans.

    Music truly is a universal that transcends borders, cultures, and time. It resonates within us, affecting our minds, bodies, and souls. Whether in joy or sorrow, celebration or meditation, music remains a powerful force that shapes our existence.

    I notice that most if not all the cultures and time periods that I examined in this article believed that music helped bring balance. Whether it was humors, vibrations, or Qi the idea that music can bring a person (or society) into balance is powerful.

    Without any research I think we can all attest to the power of music to alter our mood, emotional state, and even our physical actions – music can pump us up and we run faster or try harder, or music can calm our bodies and minds to lead us to sleep.

    Music is healing. We all know it but perhaps we can be more intentional about our use of music as a medicine in our daily lives…but how?

    I think the most obvious way to incorporate a little musical healing into your life is through its power to affect your mood and emotional state. Select music that you need for the moment, be intentional. Here’s some simple flute music I wrote that helps me relax and helps my kids drift off to sleep.

    And it doesn’t have to be tranquil flute music! I truly enjoy getting a ton of energy out with my two boys while listening to heavier, more aggressive music – its a fantastic release for emotions and physical expression.

    But is feeling relaxed really “healing”?

    Okay, music can get our blood going or lull us into a relaxed state and every emotion in between, but what healing effects can we expect from a reduction in stress?

    Here are 10 ways relaxation can positively impact your health:

    1. Enhances Concentration
      When stress starts to overwhelm your ability to concentrate, completing even simple tasks can become challenging. Engaging in relaxation techniques offers an alternative focus, providing your mind with the opportunity to clear and regain concentration.
    2. Supports Digestive Health
      Experts in digestion suggest that relaxation can alleviate symptoms for individuals with gastrointestinal (GI) disorders by reducing pain and managing irritability.
    3. Boosts Blood Circulation
      Relaxation facilitates a slight widening of arteries, which promotes increased blood flow. This augmentation enhances the delivery of oxygen to body tissues.
    4. Alleviates Anger and Frustration
      Muscle tension often accompanies feelings of anger or frustration, indicating stress. Employing relaxation techniques can aid in loosening tense muscles and promoting a sense of calmness.
    5. Reduces Blood Pressure
      Attaining a state of relaxation prompts a decrease in breathing rate, which subsequently slows down other bodily functions, including heart rate. This reduction in heart rate contributes to an overall decrease in blood pressure.
    6. Mitigates Stroke Risk
      Recent research indicates that individuals who effectively manage stressful events have a 24% lower risk of stroke. Therefore, incorporating relaxation techniques can serve as a valuable coping strategy.
    7. Fosters Emotional Well-Being
      Chronic stress has been associated with neuronal damage, with elevated levels of the stress hormone cortisol potentially leading to reduced serotonin and dopamine levels, thus contributing to depression.
    8. Diminishes Fatigue
      Practicing relaxation techniques, especially in conjunction with maintaining consistent sleep patterns and limiting caffeine and alcohol intake, can enhance the quality of sleep. By alleviating stressors before bedtime, individuals may experience reduced restlessness.
    9. Reduces Inflammation
      Stress impedes the body’s ability to combat common illnesses such as colds, as heightened stress levels can accelerate inflammation, altering the immune response. A weakened immune system coupled with increased inflammation heightens susceptibility to feeling unwell.
    10. Slows Heart Rate
      Stress elevates the risk of cardiovascular issues such as high blood pressure and heart attacks. By inducing relaxation, individuals can protect their hearts by slowing down their heart rate.

    This is a huge topic and there’s a lot more to cover, but I hope this article shows that humans have been using music for a wide variety of reasons for a long time and that healing is one of those reasons.

    Listen or play music and it certainly won’t hurt your chances of living a healthier life!